A Sensitivity Analysis of Geometric Parameters of 4D-Printed Bidirectional Shape-Memory Composite in Architectural Façade Design

The 4D-printable two-way shape memory effect (TWSME) is not well known to building engineering and architecture. To better understand the thermo-mechanical complexity of TWSME in skin design, this paper investigates parametric uncertainty basic deformation a rectangular façade surface module. end, 4D-printed composite was prototyped by 3D-printing polymer (SMP, digital elastomers DM9850 9885) design with alloy (SMA) wires (Ni 55.5%-Ti 44.5%wt.) inserted. A simulation-based global sensitivity analysis conducted on maximum displacement force through homogenized 1D approximation bending material property change four different phases. It identified that simplified simulation predicted actual reversible ~3.5 mm sectional area ratio SMP SMA ~105 between 30℃ 65℃. Our findings indicate geometry part (width height rectangle) intensity pre-strain determined degree fiber are most critical factors predict recovery TWSME. potential application thermo-responsive phenomena contributes extending smart use architecture knowledge making decisions self-shaping climate-adaptive building.